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Mexican Mafia
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*''Not to be confused with Mexican Drug cartels''.
The Mexican Mafia (Spanish: ''Mafia Mexicana''), also known as La Eme (Spanish for "the M"), is a highly organized Mexican American criminal organization in the United States.〔Mexican Mafia. (2012). The History Channel website. Retrieved 10:45, February 2, 2012, from http://www.history.com/shows/gangland/articles/mexican-mafia.〕〔Mallory, S., & Mallory, S. L. (2012). Understanding organized crime. (2nd ed., pp. 218–220). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Barlett Learning.〕 Despite its name, the Mexican Mafia did not originate in Mexico and is entirely a U.S. criminal prison organization. Sureños, including MS-13 and Florencia 13,〔"(FBI — 2011 National Gang Threat Assessment – Emerging Trends ). Fbi.gov.〕 use the number 13 to show allegiance to the Mexican Mafia. M is the 13th letter of the alphabet. Law enforcement officials report that La eMe is the most powerful gang within the California prison system.〔Harris, D. (2004). Gangland: The growing gang epidemic in America's cities. Oakland, TN: Holy Fire Publishing.〕 Government officials state that there are currently 155–300 official members of the Mexican Mafia with around 990 associates who assist La eMe in carrying out its illegal activities in the hopes of becoming full members.〔United States v. Shryock, 342 F.3d 948 (9th Cir. (2003), cert. denied, 124 S. Ct. 1729 and 1736 (2004)〕
==History==
The Mexican Mafia was formed in 1957 by Michael Cardiel and 13 Hispanic street gang members from different Los Angeles neighborhoods that were all incarcerated at the Deuel Vocational Institution; a California Youth Authority facility, which is now an adult state prison in Tracy, California.〔Valdez, A. J. (2011). Prison gangs 101. Retrieved from http://www.aca.org/fileupload/177/ahaidar/Valdez.pdf〕〔Ortega, F. (2008, February 8). Mexican mafia's roots run deep in san gabriel valley. The Whittier Daily News. Retrieved from http://www.whittierdailynews.com/gangs/ci_8251694〕 They formed in order to protect themselves from other prison gangs at the time.〔〔Lyman, M. D. (2011). Drugs in society: Causes, concepts and control. (6th ed., p. 240, 279). Burlington, MA: Anderson Publishing.〕 The founder of La eMe is Luis "Huero Buff" Flores who was an active member of the Hawaiian Gardens gang in Hawaiian Gardens, California. Gang warfare between Hispanic neighborhoods was the norm during the 1950s and 60s so the fact that Luis Flores was able to get established enemies to set aside their rivalries upon entry into the prison system was something that was not thought possible. This requirement exists to present day. Hispanic street gangs like White Fence, Avenues, Clanton 14, San Fer, and Varrio Nuevo Estrada were already into their second decade and firmly established as self-sustaining entities.〔Rafael, T. (2007). The Mexican Mafia.(p. 171-185, 237-267) New York, NY: Encounter Books.〕 Luis Flores initially recruited violent members to the gang in an attempt to create a highly feared organization which could control the black market activities of the Deuel prison facilities. La eMe member Ramon "Mundo" Mendoza claims that in the beginning the overall goal was to terrorize the prison system and enjoy prison comforts while doing time.〔Blanchard, C. (2008). The black hand: The bloody rise and redemption of "boxer" enriquez, a mexican mob killer. (p. 1-408). New York, NY: Harper-Collins Publishers.〕
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